PERFORMANCE METRICS OF 5G MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORK AND ITS IMPACT ON COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Abstract

The emergence of Fifth Generation (5G) wireless technology marks a transformative shift in modern communication systems introducing unprecedented capabilities in speed, latency, connectivity and reliability. This paper examines the key performance metrics of 5G mobile networks such as data throughput, latency, spectral efficiency, energy efficiency and network capacity evaluating their collective impact on next-generation communication systems. With data transfer rates reaching up to 10Gbps and latency reduced to sub-millisecond levels, 5G networks dramatically enhance real-time interactions and support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). Also, improvements in spectral and energy efficiency contribute to sustainable and scalable network deployments especially in dense urban areas. These performance enhancements facilitate revolutionary applications including augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), autonomous transportation systems, remote healthcare and massive machine-type communications (mMTC) in the Internet of Things (IoT) domain. Network slicing capability of 5G ensures tailored service quality for diverse applications enhancing user experience and operational efficiency across industries. However, challenges such as high infrastructure costs, spectrum availability and cybersecurity concerns accompany this technological evolution. This paper concludes that 5G performance metrics are redefining the architecture and scope of communication systems enabling a future of seamless, intelligent and interconnected digital ecosystems. As these metrics continue to evolve with ongoing research and deployment, they will play pivotal role in shaping the resilience, inclusivity and responsiveness of global communications for years to come. Future work can focus on optimizing these metrics to support the evolution toward 6G and beyond.